How To Grow Microgreens Indoors: A Beginner’s Guide

Microgreens are the darlings of the health food world, packing a nutritional punch and adding a burst of flavor to everything from salads and sandwiches to smoothies and stir-fries. The best part? You don’t need a garden to grow them! This guide provides a comprehensive, step-by-step approach to growing microgreens indoors, even if you’re a complete beginner. Get ready to enjoy fresh, homegrown goodness year-round!

Why Grow Microgreens? The Benefits Unveiled

Before diving into the how-to, let’s explore why microgreens have become so popular.

Nutritional Powerhouses: Microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than their mature counterparts. Studies have shown that they can contain higher levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Fast Harvest: Forget waiting months for a harvest! Microgreens are typically ready to eat within 7-21 days, depending on the variety.
Year-Round Growing: Indoor growing means you can enjoy fresh greens regardless of the season.
Space-Saving: Microgreens thrive in small spaces, making them perfect for apartments, condos, and urban dwellers. You don’t need acres of land to enjoy fresh, nutritious food.
Easy and Affordable: The initial setup is relatively inexpensive, and the growing process is straightforward, even for beginners.
Flavor Boost: Microgreens offer a wide range of flavors, from peppery radish to sweet sunflower and mild broccoli. They can enhance the taste and texture of countless dishes.
Sustainability: Growing your own microgreens reduces your carbon footprint by eliminating the need for transportation from farms to grocery stores.

Understanding Microgreens: What Are They Exactly?

Microgreens are essentially young vegetable greens that are harvested after the cotyledon leaves (seed leaves) have fully developed, and before the “true” leaves appear. They are larger than sprouts but smaller than baby greens. This stage of growth offers a concentrated burst of flavor and nutrients.

Sprouts vs. Microgreens: Sprouts are germinated seeds that are eaten whole, including the root, stem, and seed. They are typically grown in water and harvested within a few days. Microgreens, on the other hand, are grown in soil or a soil substitute and only the stem and leaves are harvested.
Baby Greens vs. Microgreens: Baby greens are harvested after the true leaves have developed and are larger than microgreens. They require more time to grow and often more space.

Tip: Many people confuse sprouts with microgreens. Remember, microgreens are grown in soil and only the stems and leaves are eaten.

Getting Started: Essential Supplies for Microgreen Success

To embark on your microgreen growing journey, you’ll need to gather a few essential supplies. Don’t worry, you don’t need a lot!

1. Seeds: The Foundation of Your Microgreen Garden

The type of seeds you choose will determine the flavor, texture, and nutritional profile of your microgreens. It is essential to buy seeds specifically labeled for microgreen or sprouting use. Do not use seeds that have been treated with fungicides or other chemicals.

Popular Microgreen Varieties:
- Brassicas: Broccoli, cauliflower, kale, radish, arugula, mustard greens, cabbage, watercress. (Peppery, spicy)
- Legumes: Peas, lentils, chickpeas, beans. (Nutty, mild)
- Sunflower: Sweet, nutty flavor.
- Buckwheat: Grassy, slightly sour.
- Amaranth: Earthy, vibrant color.
- Beets: Sweet, earthy, vibrant color.
- Swiss Chard: Mild, earthy.
- Cilantro: Distinctive cilantro flavor. (Can be tricky to germinate)
- Basil: Sweet, aromatic. (Requires warm temperatures)
Where to Buy Seeds: Purchase seeds from reputable online retailers, garden centers, or seed companies that specialize in microgreen and sprouting seeds.
Seed Density: Different seed varieties require different planting densities. Follow the instructions on your seed packet or consult online resources for optimal density.
Seed Storage: Store seeds in a cool, dark, and dry place to maintain their viability.

Tip: Start with a few easy-to-grow varieties like radish, broccoli, or sunflower to build your confidence. You can then experiment with more challenging varieties as you gain experience.

2. Growing Medium: Soil, Soil Substitute, or Hydroponics?

The growing medium provides support, moisture, and nutrients for your microgreens.

Soil: Use a high-quality, well-draining potting mix specifically formulated for seed starting. Avoid using garden soil, as it can be too dense and may contain pests or diseases.
Soil Substitute: Coco coir, peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite are popular soil substitutes. They are lightweight, retain moisture well, and are sterile (reducing the risk of disease). You can use them individually or in combination.
Hydroponics: Hydroponic microgreen growing involves using water and nutrient solutions without soil. This method requires specialized equipment and a deeper understanding of nutrient management.

Tip: For beginners, a good quality potting mix or coco coir is the easiest and most forgiving option.

3. Growing Trays: Choosing the Right Size and Type

Growing trays provide a container for your growing medium and seeds.

Standard Seed Trays: These are readily available at garden centers and online retailers. They typically have drainage holes.
Shallow Trays: Trays that are 1-2 inches deep are ideal for microgreens.
Trays with and without Drainage Holes: You’ll need two trays: one with drainage holes and one without. The tray without drainage holes will act as a watering reservoir.
Propagation Domes: Clear plastic domes can help maintain humidity during the germination phase.

Tip: Choose trays that are easy to clean and disinfect to prevent the spread of disease.

4. Lighting: Ensuring Adequate Illumination

Adequate lighting is crucial for healthy microgreen growth.

Natural Sunlight: A sunny windowsill can work, but it may not provide consistent or sufficient light, especially during the winter months. Microgreens grown with inadequate light can become leggy and pale.
Grow Lights: Fluorescent grow lights or LED grow lights are the best option for consistent and reliable lighting.
- Fluorescent Grow Lights (T5 or T8): These are relatively inexpensive and provide a good amount of light.
- LED Grow Lights: LEDs are more energy-efficient and longer-lasting than fluorescent lights. They also produce less heat.
Light Spectrum: A full-spectrum light is ideal, but a cool-white or daylight fluorescent or LED bulb will also work.
Light Duration: Provide 12-16 hours of light per day.
Light Distance: Position the lights a few inches above the microgreens to prevent scorching. Adjust the height as the greens grow.

Tip: If your microgreens are leggy (tall and spindly), they are not getting enough light. Move them closer to the light source or increase the duration of light exposure.

5. Watering: Maintaining Optimal Moisture Levels

Consistent moisture is essential for successful microgreen germination and growth.

Spray Bottle: A spray bottle is ideal for misting the seeds and seedlings.
Watering Can: A watering can with a gentle spray nozzle can be used to water the trays from the bottom (more on this later).
Water Quality: Use filtered or dechlorinated water. Tap water can contain chlorine or other chemicals that can inhibit germination.

Tip: Overwatering can lead to fungal diseases, while underwatering can cause the seeds to dry out and fail to germinate.

6. Other Helpful Supplies:

Heat Mat: A heat mat can help speed up germination, especially in cooler environments.
pH Meter: To test the pH of your water or growing medium (optional, but helpful for more advanced growers).
Disinfectant: Hydrogen peroxide or a bleach solution (diluted) can be used to disinfect trays and equipment.
Measuring Cups and Spoons: For measuring seeds and amendments.
Labels and a Pen: To label your trays with the seed variety and planting date.

The Growing Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

Now that you have your supplies, let’s walk through the process of growing microgreens indoors.

Step 1: Prepare Your Growing Trays

Disinfect the Trays: Wash the trays with warm, soapy water and then disinfect them with a diluted bleach solution (1 part bleach to 9 parts water) or hydrogen peroxide. Rinse thoroughly.
Fill the Tray with Growing Medium: Fill the tray with drainage holes with your chosen growing medium to a depth of about 1-2 inches. Gently level the surface.
Moisten the Growing Medium: Thoroughly moisten the growing medium with a spray bottle or watering can. It should be damp but not waterlogged.
Level and Gently Compact: Gently press down on the surface of the medium to create a level surface for planting.

Step 2: Sow the Seeds

Evenly Distribute the Seeds: Sprinkle the seeds evenly over the surface of the growing medium. Refer to seed packet instructions or online resources for the recommended seeding density for your chosen variety. Avoid overcrowding the seeds.
Gently Press the Seeds into the Medium: Lightly press the seeds into the growing medium with your hand or a flat object.
Cover the Seeds (Optional): Some seeds, like cilantro and basil, benefit from being covered with a thin layer of growing medium. Others, like broccoli and radish, can be left uncovered. Check seed specific recomendations
Mist the Seeds: Gently mist the seeds with water to ensure they are moist.

Step 3: The Blackout Period (Germination)

Stack the Trays: Place the tray with the planted seeds inside the tray without drainage holes. This will help retain moisture.
Apply Weight (Optional): Place a light weight on top of the tray (e.g., a book or another tray) to encourage even germination. This is particularly helpful for varieties like sunflower.
Cover the Trays: Cover the trays with a lid, a dark cloth, or another tray to create a dark and humid environment. This mimics the conditions underground and promotes germination.
Maintain Moisture: Check the trays daily and mist with water as needed to keep the seeds and growing medium moist.
Duration: The blackout period typically lasts for 2-4 days, depending on the seed variety and temperature.

Tip: The blackout period is crucial for germination. Don’t skip this step!

Step 4: Introducing Light

Remove the Cover: Once the seeds have germinated and you see small sprouts emerging, remove the cover and weight.
Introduce Light Gradually: Place the trays under your grow lights or in a sunny location. If using grow lights, start with a few hours of light per day and gradually increase the duration.
Rotate the Trays: Rotate the trays regularly to ensure even light exposure and prevent the microgreens from leaning towards the light source.

Step 5: Watering and Maintenance

Bottom Watering: This is the preferred method for watering microgreens. Pour water into the tray without drainage holes (the bottom tray). The growing medium will absorb the water from the bottom up. This helps prevent fungal diseases and keeps the leaves dry.
Frequency: Water as needed to keep the growing medium consistently moist but not waterlogged. Check the moisture level daily by gently pressing your finger into the medium.
Air Circulation: Ensure good air circulation around the microgreens to prevent fungal diseases. A small fan can help.
Monitor for Mold: Keep an eye out for mold or fungal growth. If you see any, remove the affected areas and improve air circulation. You can also spray the microgreens with a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide.

Tip: Overwatering is a common mistake. When in doubt, err on the side of underwatering.

Step 6: Harvesting Your Microgreens

Harvest Time: Microgreens are typically ready to harvest when the cotyledon leaves (seed leaves) are fully developed and before the true leaves appear. This is usually 7-21 days after planting, depending on the variety.
Harvesting Technique: Use sharp scissors or a knife to cut the microgreens just above the growing medium.
Washing: Gently wash the harvested microgreens in cool water to remove any soil or debris.
Drying: Pat the microgreens dry with a paper towel or spin them in a salad spinner.
Storage: Store the harvested microgreens in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to a week.

Tip: Harvest your microgreens just before you plan to use them for the best flavor and nutritional value.

Troubleshooting Common Microgreen Problems

Even with the best care, you may encounter some challenges along the way. Here are some common problems and their solutions:

Poor Germination:
- Cause: Poor seed quality, old seeds, incorrect temperature, insufficient moisture, seeds not pre-soaked (for certain varieties).
- Solution: Use fresh, high-quality seeds. Ensure adequate moisture and temperature. Pre-soak seeds that benefit from it.
Leggy Microgreens:
- Cause: Insufficient light.
- Solution: Provide more light. Move the microgreens closer to the light source or increase the duration of light exposure.
Mold Growth:
- Cause: Overwatering, poor air circulation.
- Solution: Reduce watering frequency. Improve air circulation. Remove affected areas. Spray with a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide.
Damping Off (Seedlings Rotting):
- Cause: Fungal disease caused by overwatering and poor air circulation.
- Solution: Use sterile growing medium. Improve air circulation. Avoid overwatering. Treat with a fungicide (if necessary).
Slow Growth:
- Cause: Incorrect temperature, insufficient nutrients, poor soil quality.
- Solution: Ensure optimal temperature for the specific microgreen variety. Use a high-quality growing medium. Consider adding a diluted liquid fertilizer after the cotyledon leaves have fully developed (optional).
Uneven Growth:
- Cause: Uneven light exposure, uneven watering.
- Solution: Rotate the trays regularly. Ensure even watering.

Beyond the Basics: Advanced Techniques

Once you’ve mastered the basics, you can explore some advanced techniques to take your microgreen growing to the next level.

Nutrient Solutions: For hydroponic growing, you’ll need to use nutrient solutions specifically formulated for microgreens. Follow the instructions on the nutrient solution label.
pH Management: Maintaining the correct pH of your growing medium or nutrient solution is important for nutrient uptake. Use a pH meter to monitor and adjust the pH as needed.
Succession Planting: Plant new trays of microgreens every few days to ensure a continuous harvest.
Experimenting with Varieties: Try growing different combinations of microgreens to create your own custom blends.
Vertical Farming: Use vertical shelves to maximize your growing space.

Creative Uses for Your Homegrown Microgreens

Now that you’re harvesting a bounty of fresh microgreens, it’s time to get creative in the kitchen!

Salads: Add microgreens to salads for a burst of flavor, texture, and nutrients.
Sandwiches and Wraps: Sprinkle microgreens on sandwiches and wraps for added flavor and visual appeal.
Smoothies: Blend microgreens into smoothies for a nutritional boost.
Soups: Garnish soups with microgreens for a fresh and flavorful touch.
Omelets and Frittatas: Add microgreens to omelets and frittatas for extra nutrients and flavor.
Tacos and Burritos: Top tacos and burritos with microgreens for a fresh and healthy twist.
Pizza: Sprinkle microgreens on pizza after baking for a fresh and vibrant garnish.
Avocado Toast: Elevate your avocado toast with a sprinkle of microgreens.
Stir-Fries: Add microgreens to stir-fries for a burst of freshness.
Garnish: Use microgreens as a garnish for any dish to add visual appeal and flavor.

Your Journey to Microgreen Mastery

Growing microgreens indoors is a rewarding and enjoyable experience. With a little practice and patience, you’ll be harvesting fresh, nutritious greens in no time. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different varieties and techniques to find what works best for you. Happy growing!

How To Grow Microgreens Indoors a Beginners Guide